Abraham Buschke (27 September 1868 - 1943) was a Jewish German dermatologist who was a native of Nakel in the Province of Posen. In 1891 he received his doctorate in Berlin, and afterwards was a surgical assistant in Greifswald. Later he worked at dermatological clinics in Breslau under Albert Neisser (1855-1916) and in Berlin with Edmund Lesser (1852-1918). In 1906 he became head of dermatology at the Rudolf-Virchow-Krankenhaus. In 1943 he died in the Nazi concentration camp at Theresienstadt, Bohemia.

Abraham Buschke specialized in research of venereal disease. In 1926 with Martin Gumpert (1897-1955) he published a treatise on syphilis in children titled Geschlechtskrankheiten bei Kindern. His name is associated with several eponymous dermatological disorders, including:

• Buschke's scleredema: Hardening and thickening of the skin, usually on the upper back, neck, shoulders and face. Its etiology is unknown, but it is often associated with diabetes.
• Buschke-Löwenstein tumor: Also known as giant condyloma acuminatum; a variety of venereal wart characterized by its large, cauliflower-like appearance. Named with Dr. Ludwig Loewenstein (1885-1959).
• Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome: Also called disseminated lenticular dermatofibrosis. Named with dermatologist Helene Ollendorff Curth.

In 1894 with pathologist Otto Busse (1867-1922), Buschke described an infectious disease caused by the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. This condition is sometimes referred to as Busse-Buschke disease.

• American Journal of Dermatopathology The Men Behind the Eponym, Buschke-Lowenstein
• Abraham Buschke @ Who Named It
• e-Medicine (article on Scleredema)